We constantly strive to ensure we provide our customers with the best antibodies. As a result of this work we offer this antibody in purified format. We are in the process of updating our datasheets. If you have any questions regarding this update, please feel free to contact our technical support team. This product is a high quality HLA-DRB4 Antibody (N-term).

29941 Da

Antigen Cellular Localization: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Golgi apparatus, trans-Golgi network membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Endosome membrane; Single- pass type I membrane protein. Lysosome membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Late endosome membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Note=The MHC class II complex transits through a number of intracellular compartments in the endocytic pathway until it reaches the cell membrane for antigen presentation

Rabbit

Human

43-72 aa

This HLA-DRB4 antibody is generated from rabbits immunized with a KLH conjugated synthetic peptide between 43-72 amino acids from the N-terminal region of human HLA-DRB4.

Rabbit Ig

Binds peptides derived from antigens that access the endocytic route of antigen presenting cells (APC) and presents them on the cell surface for recognition by the CD4 T-cells. The peptide binding cleft accommodates peptides of 10-30 residues. The peptides presented by MHC class II molecules are generated mostly by degradation of proteins that access the endocytic route, where they are processed by lysosomal proteases and other hydrolases. Exogenous antigens that have been endocytosed by the APC are thus readily available for presentation via MHC II molecules, and for this reason this antigen presentation pathway is usually referred to as exogenous. As membrane proteins on their way to degradation in lysosomes as part of their normal turn-over are also contained in the endosomal/lysosomal compartments, exogenous antigens must compete with those derived from endogenous components. Autophagy is also a source of endogenous peptides, autophagosomes constitutively fuse with MHC class II loading compartments. In addition to APCs, other cells of the gastrointestinal tract, such as epithelial cells, express MHC class II molecules and CD74 and act as APCs, which is an unusual trait of the GI tract. To produce a MHC class II molecule that presents an antigen, three MHC class II molecules (heterodimers of an alpha and a beta chain) associate with a CD74 trimer in the ER to form a heterononamer. Soon after the entry of this complex into the endosomal/lysosomal system where antigen processing occurs, CD74 undergoes a sequential degradation by various proteases, including CTSS and CTSL, leaving a small fragment termed CLIP (class-II-associated invariant chain peptide). The removal of CLIP is facilitated by HLA-DM via direct binding to the alpha-beta-CLIP complex so that CLIP is released. HLA-DM stabilizes MHC class II molecules until primary high affinity antigenic peptides are bound. The MHC II molecule bound to a peptide is then transported to the cell membrane surface. In B-cells, the interaction between HLA-DM and MHC class II molecules is regulated by HLA-DO. Primary dendritic cells (DCs) also to express HLA-DO. Lysosomal microenvironment has been implicated in the regulation of antigen loading into MHC II molecules, increased acidification produces increased proteolysis and efficient peptide loading.

HLA-DRB4 belongs to the HLA class II beta chainparalogues. This class II molecule is a heterodimer consisting ofan alpha (DRA) and a beta (DRB) chain, both anchored in themembrane. It plays a central role in the immune system bypresenting peptides derived from extracellular proteins. Class IImolecules are expressed in antigen presenting cells (APC: Blymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages). The beta chain isapproximately 26-28 kDa and its gene contains 6 exons. Exon oneencodes the leader peptide, exons 2 and 3 encode the twoextracellular domains, exon 4 encodes the transmembrane domain andexon 5 encodes the cytoplasmic tail. Within the DR molecule thebeta chain contains all the polymorphisms specifying the peptidebinding specificities. Typing for these polymorphisms is routinelydone for bone marrow and kidney transplantation. DRB1 is expressedat a level five times higher than its paralogues DRB3, DRB4 andDRB5. The presence of DRB4 is linked with allelic variants of DRB1,otherwise it is omitted. There are 4 related pseudogenes: DRB2,DRB6, DRB7, DRB8 and DRB9.

Store at +4°C short term. For long-term storage, aliquot and store at -20°C or below. Stable for 12 months at -20°C. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

WB, E

WB~~1:1000

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