How are antibodies produced by lymphocytes?_Antibody Technology Column_Technical FAQs_Information Center

Lymphocytes are one of the main types of immune cells. Lymphocytes are divided mainly into B and T cells.

· B lymphocytes produce antibodies - proteins (gamma globulins) that recognize foreign substances (antigen) and attach themselves to them. B lymphocytes (or B cells) are each programmed to make one specific antibody. When a B cell comes across its triggering antigen it gives rise to many large cells known as plasma cells. Each plasma cell is essentially a factory for producing antibody. An antibody matches an antigen much like a key matches a lock. Whenever the antibody and antigen interlock, the antibody marks the antigen for destruction. B lymphocytes are powerless to penetrate the cell so the job of attacking these target cells is left to T lymphocytes.

· T lymphocytes are cells that are programmed to recognize, respond to and remember antigens. T lymphocytes (or T cells) contribute to the immune defenses in two major ways. Some direct and regulate the immune responses. When stimulated by the antigenic material presented by the macrophages, the T cells make lymphokines that signal other cells. Other T lymphocytes are able to destroy targeted cells on direct contact.

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How are antibodies produced by lymphocytes?

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