> Information Center > FAQs > What are antigens and antibodies? How many types are there?
An antibody, also known as an immunoglobulin, is a Y-shaped protein produced mainly by plasma cells that is used by the immune system to neutralize pathogens such as bacteria and viruses. There are five different antibody isotypes seen in humans: IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, and IgD. Antigens are any substance that stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies, such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi that cause infection and disease. Antigens can be of three types – Exogenous, endogenous and autoantigens. Antigens can also be foreign bodies that stimulate the immune system of the body. Antibodies used for lab research are often obtained from animals such as rabbits, sheep or mice with a specific antigen. Because most antigens are complex structures with multiple epitopes, they result in the production of multiple antibodies in the animals. Leading Biology scientists have invented an advanced technology in the platform for Antibody Production, which has realized high pure antibody fractions with low endotoxin in preparation of the antibody by using the cell line.
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