Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the genetic code from DNA in a form that can be recognized to make proteins. The coding sequence of the mRNA determines the amino acid sequence in the protein produced. Once transcribed from DNA, eukaryotic mRNA briefly exists in a form called “precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA)” before it is fully processed into mature mRNA. This processing step, which is called “RNA splicing”, removes the introns—non-coding sections of the pre-mRNA. There are approximately 23,000 mRNAs encoded in the human genome.
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA):
Ribosomal RNA is the catalytic component of the ribosomes. In the cytoplasm, rRNAs and protein components combine to form a nucleoprotein complex called the ribosome which binds mRNA and synthesizes proteins (also called translation).
Transfer RNA (tRNA):
Transfer RNA is a small RNA chain of about 80 nucleotides. During translation, tRNA transfers specific amino acids that correspond to the mRNA sequence into the growing polypeptide chain at the ribosome.
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