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Polyclonal antiserum raised against any individual molecular antigen consists of an assortment of antibodies of a variety of classes binding to different epitopes on the antigen with a diverse range of affinities, the proportion varying from animal to animal and within the one animal from bleed to bleed. In monoclonal antibody (mAb) production, the cell producing a single one of these antibodies is selected and propagated in large amounts. This gives a standard reagent available indefinitely in large quantities. The cell line which makes such an antibody is called a B cell hybridoma. The relevant techniques are conceptually simple and involve the fusion of a B lymphocyte secreting antibody of the desired specificity with a myeloma (plasmacytoma) line which has the capacity for indefinite growth and division. The resultant hybrid then carries the antibody-secreting capacity of one parent and the immortality of the other.
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